Lab Reports Decoded

Total IgE and Allergy Test Report: What High IgE Really Means

High total IgE explained: why it never names your allergy, total vs specific IgE, skin prick vs blood tests, and the swelling…

6 min read

ANA Test Report: Titre, Pattern and When a Positive Matters

ANA test positive? What titres like 1:80 and 1:640 mean, how to read the pattern, why healthy people test positive, and the…

6 min read

RA Factor and Anti-CCP Report: Positive Does Not Always Mean RA

RA factor positive but no arthritis? What RF and anti-CCP each add, why age and infection give false positives, and the joint…

6 min read

Cortisol Test Report: Morning Level, High and Low Explained

Cortisol test report explained: why 8 am timing matters, how steroid creams and tablets skew results, and the low-cortisol signs that need…

7 min read

Stool Occult Blood Test (FIT) for Adults: What Positive Means

Stool occult blood test positive? How FIT differs from the guaiac test, piles vs polyps, why colonoscopy comes next, and signs that…

7 min read

Amylase and Lipase Report: When Belly Pain Points to Pancreas

Amylase and lipase report decoded: what the enzymes show, the 3 times rule for pancreatitis, gallstone and alcohol causes, and emergency warning…

6 min read

HLA-B27 Test Report: Back Pain, Positive Result and What Next

HLA-B27 positive? What the gene test means, why most carriers never get ill, the inflammatory back pain pattern, and the red eye…

6 min read

Anti-HCV Positive? Reading the HCV PCR Report Next, Step by Step

Anti-HCV positive does not always mean hepatitis C today. How to read the HCV PCR report: detected, not detected, viral load, and…

7 min read

Hepatitis B Report: HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA Viral Load Decoded

Hepatitis B report explained: HBsAg reactive, HBeAg, anti-HBs and HBV DNA viral load in plain words, family testing, and when to see…

7 min read

Serum Magnesium Report: Low Levels, Cramps and Heart Rhythm

Low magnesium on a blood test? Typical ranges, common causes like diarrhoea and some acidity or water pills, cramps, palpitations and red…

5 min read

Serum Folate Report: Low Folic Acid, Pregnancy and Anaemia

Low serum folate explained: serum vs red cell folate, big red cells, why B12 is checked first, pregnancy planning, and folate-rich desi…

6 min read

Lipoprotein(a) Test Report: The Inherited Cholesterol Number

Lp(a) test report explained: mg/dL vs nmol/L, typical ranges, why it runs in families, why diet barely moves it, and what your…

6 min read

Newborn Screening Report: Heel-Prick TSH and Metabolic Tests

Newborn screening report explained: what the heel-prick test checks, why a recall means repeat and not diagnosis, and why a fast follow-up…

7 min read

Blood Group and Rh Report: Rh Negative Mother and the ICT Test

Rh negative on your blood group report? What ABO and Rh mean, why pregnant mothers get the indirect Coombs test (ICT), and…

7 min read

FSH and LH Report: Day 2 Hormones, PCOS Ratio and Menopause

FSH and LH test report decoded: why day 2 timing matters, ranges by cycle phase, the LH:FSH ratio myth in PCOS, and…

6 min read

AMH Test Report: What Your Egg Reserve Number Can and Cannot Say

AMH test explained: what the egg reserve number means by age, PCOS highs and low values, and why AMH alone cannot predict…

6 min read

Prolactin Test Report: High Level, Stress and Missed Periods

High prolactin level on your report? Sample timing, stress and medicine causes, macroprolactin, and the headache and vision red flags that need…

6 min read

C-Peptide Test Report: Type 1, Type 2 and Your Own Insulin

C-peptide test explained: what it shows about your own insulin, fasting vs stimulated samples, high and low causes, and why glucose must…

7 min read

OGTT in Pregnancy: 75 g Test Values and Gestational Diabetes

OGTT in pregnancy explained: the 0, 1 and 2 hour values after 75 g glucose, how to prepare, what happens next, and…

7 min read

Nerve Conduction Study Report: Carpal Tunnel and Neuropathy

Nerve conduction study report explained: latency, amplitude and velocity, what carpal tunnel and diabetic neuropathy look like, and how to prepare.

7 min read

Audiogram Report: Reading the Hearing Test Graph and dB Loss

How to read an audiogram: X and O marks, dB loss levels, conductive vs sensorineural patterns, and why sudden hearing loss in…

7 min read

Testosterone Test Report for Men: Total, Free and Morning Timing

How to read a testosterone test report: total vs free, why the morning sample matters, what weight and sleep do, and why…

7 min read

Spirometry (PFT) Report: FEV1, FVC and the Ratio Explained

Read your spirometry report: FEV1, FVC and the FEV1/FVC ratio, obstructive vs restrictive patterns, inhaler reversibility, and how to prepare.

7 min read

Thyroid Ultrasound Report: TI-RADS Score and Nodule Words

What TI-RADS 1 to 5 means on a thyroid ultrasound, the nodule words decoded, size cut-offs for FNA, and the neck red…

6 min read

DEXA Scan Report: T-Score, Z-Score and Osteoporosis Explained

How to read a DEXA scan report: T-score vs Z-score, spine and hip sites, osteopenia vs osteoporosis, how to prepare, and when…

8 min read

CA-125 Test Report: High Level, Fibroids, Periods and Ovaries

CA-125 test report explained: normal range, why periods, fibroids and endometriosis raise it, why it is not a general screen, and when…

6 min read

Double Marker Test Report: PAPP-A, Free hCG and Risk Ratios

Double marker test report decoded: PAPP-A and free beta hCG MoM values, low risk vs high risk wording, why it is a…

6 min read

NT Scan Report in Pregnancy: Nuchal Measurement and Risk Numbers

NT scan report explained: normal nuchal measurement in mm, what a risk like 1 in 1000 means, screening vs diagnosis, and signs…

7 min read

Mammogram Report: BI-RADS 0 to 6 and What Happens Next

Mammogram report BI-RADS 0 to 6 explained: what each category means, dense breast notes, why an ultrasound is added, and symptoms that…

6 min read

Pap Smear Report: NILM, ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL in Plain Words

Pap smear report decoded: what NILM, ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL mean, how HPV testing fits in, the usual next step, and which…

8 min read

Homocysteine Test Report: High Level, B12 and Folate Link

Homocysteine test report explained: what a high level means, the B12, folate and kidney link, why it isn't a routine screen, and…

6 min read

TMT (Treadmill Test) Report: Positive, Negative, Inconclusive

TMT report explained: Bruce protocol, METs, target heart rate and ST changes in plain words, plus what comes after a positive or…

6 min read

CPK (CK) Test Report: Muscle Enzyme High After Gym or Statins

CPK (CK) test report explained: why muscle enzyme goes high after gym or injections, statin aches, dark urine warnings and how to…

7 min read

NT-proBNP Report: What the Heart Failure Marker Is Telling You

NT-proBNP report explained: what a high or low result means, age and kidney effects, the next test, and ankle swelling and breathlessness…

7 min read

Troponin Test Report: Negative, Positive and Why It Is Repeated

Troponin test report explained: hs-troponin, why it is repeated after 1 to 3 hours, kidney effects, and why chest pain with sweating…

7 min read

ASO Titre Report: What a High Value Means After a Sore Throat

ASO titre high? It shows past strep, not current infection. Normal range, why joint pain doesn't raise it, and rheumatic fever signs…

7 min read

HIV Test Report: Screening, Window Period and Confirmatory Test

HIV test report explained: reactive vs non-reactive, why a reactive screen needs confirmation, the window period, and free confidential centres.

6 min read

Mantoux Test Reading: How Many mm Is Positive and What It Means

Mantoux test reading: measure induration, not redness, at 48 to 72 hours. How many mm is positive, the BCG effect, and why…

7 min read

GeneXpert Report for TB: MTB Detected and Rifampicin Resistance

GeneXpert TB report explained: MTB detected or not detected, trace, rifampicin resistance, a good sputum sample, and free TB programme care.

7 min read

Holter Monitor Report: 24-Hour ECG, Ectopics and Pauses Decoded

How to read a Holter monitor report: average heart rate, ectopic beats, pauses and the symptom diary match, plus which results need…

7 min read

G6PD Test Report: Deficient, Normal and the Foods and Medicines

G6PD test report explained: qualitative vs quantitative results, newborn and malaria-medicine context, fava beans, and the signs that need urgent care.

7 min read

Bleeding Time and Clotting Time (BT/CT) Report: Still Useful?

Bleeding time and clotting time (BT/CT) explained: what each measures, typical ranges, why labs now prefer PT, APTT and platelets, and red…

6 min read

D-Dimer Test Report: High Result Does Not Always Mean a Clot

D-dimer test report explained: what it measures, why it rises after surgery, pregnancy, infection and age, and the clot signs that mean…

6 min read

APTT Test Report: What a Prolonged Clotting Time Means

APTT test report decoded: seconds vs control, why APTT is prolonged (heparin, factors, sample issues), pre-surgery next steps and bleeding red flags.

6 min read

PT/INR Report Explained: Normal INR and Warfarin Target Ranges

PT/INR report explained: PT seconds vs INR, typical normal INR, the warfarin target, which results need a doctor the same day, and…

8 min read

Hb Electrophoresis Report: Thalassemia Minor or Iron Deficiency?

Hb electrophoresis report explained: HbA2 and HbF columns, thalassemia minor vs iron deficiency, why low iron hides a trait, and premarital testing.

6 min read

Iron Studies Report: Serum Iron, TIBC and Transferrin Saturation

Iron studies report explained: serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation and ferritin together, low vs overload patterns, and fasting morning samples.

6 min read

Reticulocyte Count Report: Is the Bone Marrow Keeping Up?

Reticulocyte count report in plain words: retic %, corrected count and RPI, why it's low or high, why doctors check it in…

6 min read